Article Details

Abstract

From a circuit design perspective, this paper thoroughly analyzes the power consumption components of high-speed I/O circuits, identifying dynamic, static, and short-circuit power as the three primary sources. It clarifies how process nodes, signal integrity, and protocol overhead constrain power efficiency. To address these factors, the paper proposes a multi-level voltage-domain power delivery architecture tailored for advanced processes, a low-swing differential signaling optimization scheme, and a traffic-adaptive dynamic link management strategy. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme reduces total power consumption by 41.1% and improves single-bit energy efficiency by 41.1% under continuous high-speed transmission mode, while cutting standby power consumption by 86.2%. These improvements significantly enhance energy efficiency while ensuring signal quality meets communication reliability requirements.

Keywords

baseband processor; high-speed I/O circuit; power consumption optimization; low-voltage swing transmission

References

1. [1] Luo Yang, Liu Bo, Cao Zhengzhou, etc A multifunctional I/O circuit for high-performance FPGA [J]. Semiconductor Technology, 2025, 50 (3): 265-272
2. [2] Wang Yinhui Design of I/O Circuit and Full Chip ESD Protection Based on 28nm High Voltage Process [D]. Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2023
3. [3] Wang Xueping, Cao Liang Design of Multi Standard I/O Circuit for Radiation Resistant FPGA [J]. Electronics and Packaging, 2019, 19 (10): 20-25
4. [4] Cao Zhengzhou, Zhang Shengguang, Dan Yue'er, etc A multi-level standard I/O circuit for high-performance FPGA [J]. Semiconductor Technology, 2023, 48 (10): 919-927
5. [5] Li Yulin, Hao Judong, Liu Kaiyuan, etc Design of Multi channel Digital I/O Circuit Based on Single Chip Microcomputer and FPGA [J]. Fire and Command Control, 2018, 43 (8): 176-180
6. [6] Yang Bin Research on I/O Real time Monitoring and Adaptive Optimization Technology for Supercomputers [D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2022
7. [7] Jiang Zhengming Design and Implementation of Card I/O Module Based on DeviceNet [D]. Nanchang: Nanchang University, 2022
8. [8] Qin Yunxiang Research and Implementation of Ethernet based I/O Slave [D]. Chengdu: Sichuan University, 2022
9. [9] Yu Xiaobo Research on Interference Suppression of Single ended I/O Channels in High speed PCB Circuits [D]. Mianyang: Southwest University of Science and Technology, 2022
10. [10] Huo Guodong, Sun Bin, Yu Hao, etc BpfioToolkit: I/O Behavior Analysis Tool Based on eBPF Technology [J]. Computer System Applications, 2025, 34 (7): 215-227

About the authors

Wang Yumei (1975.02-), female, Han ethnicity, Beijing native, project director, master's student, research direction: electronic hardware system development.