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船舶数字孪生目前存在的物联网安全威胁综述

马川1,朱雨雷1,刘会飞1,龚佳豪2

(1.舟山中远海运重工有限公司,浙江 舟山 316131;2.同济大学,上海 201804)

栏目:物联网 · 第 2026 年第 2 期 · 页码:187-193 · 2096-4706(2026)02-0187-07 · 中图分类号:TP309 · 文献标识码:A · DOI:10.19850/j.cnki.2096-4706.2026.02.035

摘要

随着船舶行业数字化转型的加速,数字孪生技术通过物理船舶与数字化模型的实时交互,显著提升了船舶设计、制造与运维效率。然而,物联网环境下的船舶数字孪生系统面临多重安全威胁。文章系统分析了船舶数字孪生技术的核心架构与应用场景,并聚焦其面临的物联网安全挑战。研究发现,攻击面扩大、数据泄露与篡改、身份认证漏洞、网络攻击(如中间人攻击、DDoS攻击)及软件攻击是主要威胁。这些风险不仅威胁敏感数据的完整性,还可能通过远程操控影响船舶的航行安全。研究进一步指出,现有安全防护措施在标准化、动态认证机制和跨层协同防御方面存在不足。文章通过梳理文献与案例分析,为船舶数字孪生技术的安全防护提供理论支持,并呼吁行业关注全生命周期的安全治理。

关键词

数据泄露;身份认证;网络攻击;软件攻击

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作者简介

马川(1979—),男,汉族,山东邹平人,工程师,本科,研究方向:船舶与海洋工程;朱雨雷(1981—),男,汉族,浙江舟山人,高级工程师,本科,研究方向:船舶企业科技创新与数智化转型;刘会飞(1987—),男,汉族,河南周口人,工程师,本科,研究方向:船舶企业科技创新与数智化转型;龚佳豪(2001—),男,土家族,湖南张家界人,硕士在读,研究方向:控制科学与工程。